Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Toxic Reactions: Overview01:26

Toxic Reactions: Overview

1.7K
When toxic substances penetrate the human body, they disseminate to various tissues, undergoing metabolic changes. This process yields reactive metabolites that may covalently bind with specific target molecules, resulting in toxicity.
Toxicity falls into two primary categories: local and systemic.
Local toxicity appears at the exposure site, such as protein denaturation caused by caustic substances.
In contrast, systemic toxicity requires the toxic agent's absorption and distribution,...
1.7K
Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology

840
Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
840
Drug Elimination by Renal Route: Tubular Reabsorption01:22

Drug Elimination by Renal Route: Tubular Reabsorption

4.8K
During the process of renal excretion, as the glomerular filtrate progresses to the distal convoluted tubule (DCT), drugs that are highly permeable, lipophilic, and nonionized undergo passive reabsorption from the tubular fluid into the surrounding peritubular capillaries. This reabsorption process restricts their elimination through the kidneys. However, the majority of drugs are either weak acids or weak bases, and their ionization level is dependent on pH. By altering the pH of urine, the...
4.8K
Enhanced Elimination of Poison01:26

Enhanced Elimination of Poison

834
Poison can be effectively removed from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract through various decontamination procedures.
Antidotes serve a crucial role in counteracting the effects of poison by inhibiting enzymes responsible for producing harmful drug metabolites. In some cases, these toxic metabolites can be neutralized by endogenous cosubstrates, which are maintained at specific concentrations to prevent interaction with cellular macromolecules and subsequent cell death.
Renal excretion is the...
834
Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

242
Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
242
Types of Toxins01:36

Types of Toxins

3.1K
Humans continually engage with an environment rich in potentially harmful chemicals. These are introduced to our bodies through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. These chemicals exist in various forms, such as air and environmental pollutants, agricultural chemicals, organic solvents, and heavy metals.
Air pollutants, primarily gases, pose significant threats to respiratory health, leading to conditions like hypoxia, lung cancer, and in extreme cases, death.
Environmental pollutants like...
3.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The associations between quality of life and a five-day per week peritoneal dialysis prescription: A pilot randomized controlled study.

Peritoneal dialysis international : journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis·2026
Same author

Well-Being, Protein-Bound Toxins, and Dietary Fibre in Patients with Kidney Disease: Have We Been Missing the Obvious?

Toxins·2025
Same author

ANCA renal risk score to predict kidney outcomes in an Australian cohort: a single-centre experience.

Journal of nephrology·2025
Same author

Benefits and Pitfalls of Uraemic Toxin Measurement in Peritoneal Dialysis.

Journal of clinical medicine·2025
Same author

Acinar cystic transformation of the pancreas causing progressive main pancreatic duct dilation: a diagnostic dilemma.

Journal of surgical case reports·2023
Same author

Obstructed kidney secondary to a benign renal fibroepithelial polyp: A rare and interesting case.

Urology case reports·2021

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Nephrotoxin Microinjection in Zebrafish to Model Acute Kidney Injury
07:58

Nephrotoxin Microinjection in Zebrafish to Model Acute Kidney Injury

Published on: July 17, 2016

9.2K

Toxins and the Kidneys: A Two-Way Street.

Louis L Huang1,2, Anthony Longano3, Lawrence P McMahon1,2

  • 1Department of Renal Medicine, Eastern Health, Box Hill, VIC 3128, Australia.

Toxins
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Nephrotoxin-induced kidney damage can cause acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease, leading to serious health issues. Understanding toxin causes and effects is crucial for prevention and better patient outcomes.

Keywords:
acute kidney injurychronic kidney diseasenephrotoxinuraemic toxin

More Related Videos

Development of Human Renal Tubular Epithelial Cell Primary Cultures in Monolayers and Three-Dimensional Conditions
06:32

Development of Human Renal Tubular Epithelial Cell Primary Cultures in Monolayers and Three-Dimensional Conditions

Published on: June 13, 2025

432
Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Whole Kidney, Medulla, and Cortical Tubules in Diabetic Pathogenesis of Kidney Injury in Mice
10:31

Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Whole Kidney, Medulla, and Cortical Tubules in Diabetic Pathogenesis of Kidney Injury in Mice

Published on: May 2, 2025

576

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Nephrotoxin Microinjection in Zebrafish to Model Acute Kidney Injury
07:58

Nephrotoxin Microinjection in Zebrafish to Model Acute Kidney Injury

Published on: July 17, 2016

9.2K
Development of Human Renal Tubular Epithelial Cell Primary Cultures in Monolayers and Three-Dimensional Conditions
06:32

Development of Human Renal Tubular Epithelial Cell Primary Cultures in Monolayers and Three-Dimensional Conditions

Published on: June 13, 2025

432
Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Whole Kidney, Medulla, and Cortical Tubules in Diabetic Pathogenesis of Kidney Injury in Mice
10:31

Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Whole Kidney, Medulla, and Cortical Tubules in Diabetic Pathogenesis of Kidney Injury in Mice

Published on: May 2, 2025

576

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Toxicology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Nephrotoxin exposure is a significant cause of kidney damage, contributing to acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD).
  • Kidney dysfunction leads to the accumulation of uremic toxins, such as indoxyl sulfate and p-cresyl sulfate, which exacerbate kidney and cardiovascular damage.
  • This creates a detrimental cycle, highlighting the need for clinical awareness and intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To emphasize the clinical importance of understanding nephrotoxin-mediated kidney injury.
  • To underscore the mechanisms and consequences of toxin accumulation in kidney disease.
  • To advocate for improved clinician knowledge regarding the causes, presentation, and pathology of toxin-induced kidney damage.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes current knowledge on nephrotoxin-mediated kidney injury.
  • It examines the clinical presentations and histopathologic features associated with toxin exposure.
  • The focus is on understanding the mechanisms driving kidney and cardiovascular damage.

Main Results:

  • Nephrotoxin-mediated kidney injury is linked to substantial morbidity, increased hospitalizations, and elevated cardiovascular mortality.
  • Accumulated uremic toxins, specifically protein-bound indoxyl sulfate and p-cresyl sulfate, worsen kidney and cardiovascular health.
  • A vicious cycle of damage is established, worsening patient prognosis.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive understanding of nephrotoxin-mediated kidney injury is essential for effective clinical management.
  • Clinicians must be aware of the causes, mechanisms, clinical signs, and histopathology of this condition.
  • Reducing the incidence and impact of toxin-induced kidney damage requires enhanced medical knowledge and proactive strategies.