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Fluorescent Diarylethenes With Polar Groups: Synthesis, Spectra, and Optical Microscopy Applications.

Kakishi Uno1, Sven Nagorny1, Ayse Aktalay2

  • 1Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute For Multidisciplinary Sciences (MPINAT), Göttingen, Germany.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed novel photoactivatable fluorescent diarylethenes (fDAEs) for advanced microscopy. These probes enable multicolor superresolution imaging of cellular structures with improved spectral properties.

Keywords:
chromophoresdiarylethenesfluorescencephotochemistryphotochromism

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Area of Science:

  • Chemical Biology
  • Optical Microscopy
  • Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

  • Photoactivatable fluorescent diarylethenes (fDAEs) offer tunable spectral properties for bio-imaging.
  • Limitations exist in current fDAEs regarding structural variability and spectral control.
  • Developing new fDAEs is crucial for advancing light microscopy techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize novel "turn-on" fDAEs with adaptable structural and spectral characteristics.
  • To create cell-permeant mitochondrion-selective probes and protein bioconjugates.
  • To demonstrate multicolor superresolution imaging using newly developed fDAEs.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of HO-fDAEs with four hydroxyl groups and a single core functionality.
  • Preparation of cell-permeant mitochondrion-selective probes and protein bioconjugates.
  • Combination of HO-fDAEs with thiophene-substituted fDAE (Th-fDAE) for multicolor imaging.

Main Results:

  • HO-fDAEs emit green light and enable bioconjugation.
  • Th-fDAE exhibits red-shifted absorption/emission and efficient on-switching.
  • Large Stokes shifts (80-110 nm) allowed color separation and two-color superresolution imaging.
  • Photoactivation of HO-fDAEs and blinking of Th-fDAE enabled multicolor imaging.

Conclusions:

  • Novel HO-fDAEs and Th-fDAEs overcome limitations in fDAE-based microscopy.
  • The developed probes facilitate multicolor superresolution imaging of cellular structures.
  • These fDAEs offer versatile applications in chemical biology and advanced imaging.