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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Simona Buscarnera1, Marco Canevelli2, Giuseppe Bruno1,3

  • 1Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Frailty is linked to a reduced likelihood of Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarker positivity in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). This suggests frailty may indicate other brain changes contributing to cognitive decline.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Gerontology
  • Biomarkers

Background:

  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis relies on amyloid (A) and tau (T) biomarkers.
  • Frailty, a marker of biological aging, may influence how AD neuropathology presents clinically.
  • Understanding frailty's role in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is crucial for accurate diagnosis and prognosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between frailty and AD biomarkers (amyloid and tau) in patients with MCI.
  • To determine if frailty influences the presence of amyloid and tau pathology in individuals experiencing cognitive decline.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 120 MCI patients from a university memory clinic was analyzed.
  • Frailty was assessed using a 35-item frailty index (FI).
  • Amyloid and tau positivity were determined via PET scans or CSF analysis, categorizing participants into A+T+ or E/N groups.

Main Results:

  • Frailty index (FI) scores were positively correlated with age and negatively with education.
  • Patients with both amyloid and tau positivity (A+T+) had significantly lower FI scores than those without (E/N group).
  • Logistic regression revealed a negative association between frailty and A+T+ status, indicating lower frailty with higher likelihood of biomarker positivity.

Conclusions:

  • Frailty is associated with a decreased likelihood of positive amyloid and tau biomarkers in MCI patients.
  • Frailty may represent alternative biological pathways contributing to cognitive impairment, distinct from typical AD pathology.
  • Further research is needed to explore the complex interplay between frailty, aging, and neurodegenerative diseases.