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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Lubnaa B Abdullah1, Zhengyang Zhou1, Mohammad Housini1,2

  • 1University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study found that Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers like phosphorylated tau 181 (p-tau 181) are linked to cognitive decline in individuals with intellectual/developmental disabilities (I/DD), especially when considering premorbid intellectual ability (pIQ) and ethnicity.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomarker Research
  • Cognitive Aging

Background:

  • Intellectual/developmental disabilities (I/DD) populations are underrepresented in Alzheimer's disease (AD) research.
  • This study focuses on individuals without Down syndrome (DS).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the association between plasma AD biomarkers (p-tau 181, T-tau, NfL) and cognitive outcomes.
  • To investigate the role of premorbid intellectual ability (pIQ) and ethnicity in these associations.

Main Methods:

  • Participants from the Health & Aging Brain Study - Health Disparities (HABS-HD) were categorized by low or average pIQ.
  • Statistical analyses assessed biomarker associations with episodic memory, executive functioning, processing speed, and language, stratified by pIQ and ethnicity.

Main Results:

  • Elevated plasma p-tau 181 correlated with worse episodic memory in individuals with low pIQ.
  • Neurofilament light (NfL), p-tau 181, and total tau (T-tau) were linked to poorer executive functioning in low pIQ non-Hispanic Whites and Hispanics.
  • All three biomarkers associated with low pIQ and processing speed, with ethnic interactions observed.

Conclusions:

  • Premorbid intellectual ability (pIQ) and ethnic background are crucial factors when analyzing cognitive changes and AD biomarkers.
  • Findings emphasize the need for inclusive research designs in AD biomarker studies.