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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
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Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Tao Wei1, Jianyang Zhou2, Yi Tang3

  • 1Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, Beijing, China.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sleep rhythm disruption worsens with Alzheimer

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Alzheimer's Disease Research

Background:

  • Sleep's role in memory consolidation relies on the synchronized interaction of slow oscillations (SO), theta bursts, and spindles.
  • Disrupted coupling of these sleep rhythms is observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD), but its progression and link to cognitive decline are unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolution of coupled sleep rhythm disruption across different stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD).
  • To determine if disrupted sleep rhythms predict cognitive decline in individuals with AD.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of sleep electroencephalography (EEG), MRI, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers, and cognitive assessments in 93 participants.
  • Populations included AD dementia (n=33), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to AD (n=38), and cognitively normal (CN; n=22).

Main Results:

  • Coupled sleep rhythm disruption, specifically SO-theta burst and SO-spindle coupling, worsens with advancing AD stages (CN to MCI to AD dementia).
  • Disruption is associated with APOE ε4 allele, amyloid and tau burden, and brain atrophy in the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex.
  • Coupled sleep rhythm disruption predicts accelerated cognitive decline over two years.

Conclusions:

  • The frequency and precision of coupled sleep oscillations decrease progressively during AD.
  • These sleep rhythm changes are linked to cognitive decline over a 2-year period.
  • Integrating sleep EEG with other biomarkers improves AD progression prediction.