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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
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Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Tahmida Sharmin1,2, Pratishtha Chatterjee1,3, James D Doecke4,5

  • 1Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

In cognitively normal individuals with amyloid-beta plaques, higher plasma total-Tau was linked to increased sphingomyelins, suggesting early Alzheimer's disease pathway involvement. These sphingomyelins correlated inversely with amyloid-beta load, possibly indicating compensatory mechanisms.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biochemistry
  • Lipid Metabolism

Background:

  • Altered plasma sphingomyelin levels are linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD), suggesting lipid metabolism disruptions in pathogenesis.
  • Plasma total-Tau reflects neuronal damage and neurodegeneration in AD.
  • Investigating sphingomyelin metabolism and tau release pre-symptomatically offers insights into AD biochemical pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the relationship between plasma sphingomyelin levels and total-Tau in cognitively normal individuals.
  • To examine correlations between sphingomyelins, total-Tau, and cortical amyloid-beta (Aβ) load in presymptomatic AD.
  • To identify potential early biomarkers for AD pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Plasma samples analyzed using targeted mass spectrometry for sphingomyelins and single-molecule array (Simoa) for total-Tau.
  • Study included 100 cognitively normal (CN) individuals from the KARVIAH cohort, categorized by cortical Aβ load (CN Aβ- and CN Aβ+).
  • Cross-sectional correlations were assessed, controlling for confounding variables and applying false discovery rate (FDR) correction.

Main Results:

  • Significant positive correlations between sphingomyelins and total-Tau were found exclusively in CN Aβ+ individuals.
  • These associations remained robust after adjusting for confounders and FDR correction.
  • Total-Tau-associated sphingomyelins showed significant inverse correlations with cortical Aβ load in CN Aβ+ individuals.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated plasma total-Tau is associated with higher sphingomyelins in presymptomatic AD individuals with Aβ plaques, linking tau release to sphingomyelin pathways.
  • Higher levels of total-Tau-associated sphingomyelins correlate with lower cortical Aβ load, potentially reflecting early compensatory mechanisms.
  • Total-Tau-associated sphingomyelins may serve as potential biomarkers for understanding presymptomatic AD mechanisms.