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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
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Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Haoteng Tang1, Kun Zhao2, Guodong Liu2

  • 1University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Alzheimer's disease impacts brain networks differently across ethnicities. Our study reveals distinct structural brain differences in Hispanic and White individuals, crucial for inclusive diagnostics.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Neuroscience
  • Medical Science

Background:

  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) causes significant brain network disruptions that vary by ethnicity.
  • Investigating these differences is vital for understanding demographic influences on neurodegeneration.
  • Structural brain network analysis using diffusion MRI offers insights into ethnicity-specific alterations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate ethnicity-specific structural brain network alterations in Hispanic and White individuals with and without Alzheimer's disease.
  • To identify key brain regions and connections that differ between ethnic groups during AD progression.
  • To uncover potential structural brain biomarkers influenced by ethnicity.

Main Methods:

  • Diffusion MRI data from OASIS and BrainLat datasets were used to construct structural brain networks (106 ROIs).
  • Laplacian normalization standardized connectivity values for cross-subject comparability.
  • Network-based statistical analysis identified significant subnetworks and ROIs differentiating ethnic groups (Hispanic vs. White) in cognitively normal (NC) and AD populations.

Main Results:

  • In cognitively normal individuals, 167 significant connections and 76 ROIs showed ethnic differences, with stronger frontal pole connections in Hispanics.
  • In Alzheimer's disease patients, 32 significant connections and 35 ROIs differed between ethnic groups.
  • Distinct connectomic patterns in angular gyrus, temporal fusiform cortex, and hippocampal regions were observed between AD-White and AD-Hispanic populations.

Conclusions:

  • Ethnicity-specific structural brain network differences exist in both cognitively normal and Alzheimer's disease populations.
  • Diffusion MRI reveals significant connectomic variations linked to ethnicity.
  • Findings highlight the importance of considering demographic disparities in neurodegenerative disease research and clinical strategies.