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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Tony Kaku1, Shogyoku Bun1, Koki Takahashi1

  • 1Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) index did not significantly differ across Alzheimer's disease (AD) stages. Age negatively correlated with the DTI-ALPS index, suggesting age-dependent glymphatic system dysfunction.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Radiology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • The glymphatic system clears waste from the brain and is implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology.
  • Diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) is a novel method for assessing glymphatic function.
  • Investigating glymphatic system changes across the AD continuum is crucial for understanding disease progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if the DTI-ALPS index varies across different stages of the AD continuum.
  • To explore the relationship between the ALPS index and clinico-demographic factors, particularly age.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study included healthy controls (HC), mild cognitive impairment due to AD (MCI-AD), and dementia due to AD (D-AD) groups.
  • Participants with MCI-AD and D-AD were confirmed amyloid-beta positive via FBB-PET.
  • The ALPS index was calculated from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data and compared across groups using ANCOVA, adjusting for age.

Main Results:

  • The study included 48 HC, 38 MCI-AD, and 47 D-AD participants.
  • A significant negative correlation was found between the ALPS index and age across all participants and within each group.
  • No significant differences in the ALPS index were observed among the HC, MCI-AD, and D-AD groups after adjusting for age.

Conclusions:

  • Age-dependent glymphatic system dysfunction is supported by the negative correlation between age and the ALPS index.
  • The DTI-ALPS method may not be sensitive enough to detect glymphatic dysfunction in the early stages of AD continuum studied.
  • Further research is needed to assess the DTI-ALPS method's utility in detecting early-stage glymphatic dysfunction in AD.