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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Epigenetic Regulation01:37

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Chronic Pharyngitis01:23

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Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
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Histone Modification02:32

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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
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Epigenetics in chronic rhinosinusitis.

Nitish Kumar1, Tripti Brar2, Devyani Lal1

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona.

Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epigenetic modifications are key in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Understanding these epigenetic changes offers new ways to diagnose, stratify, and treat CRS patients, paving the way for personalized medicine.

Keywords:
DNA methylationbiomarkerschronic rhinosinusitisepigeneticshistone modificationnoncoding RNA

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Genetics
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • Epigenetic regulation is increasingly recognized for its role in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) pathogenesis.
  • CRS exhibits significant heterogeneity in its clinical presentation and response to treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current understanding of epigenetic mechanisms in CRS pathogenesis.
  • To explore the role of epigenetics in differentiating CRS endotypes.
  • To identify potential diagnostic and therapeutic epigenetic targets in CRS.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on epigenetics in CRS.
  • Analysis of identified epigenetic signatures across CRS subtypes.
  • Evaluation of microRNA correlations with disease severity and treatment response.
  • Assessment of experimental data on epigenetic modifying agents.

Main Results:

  • Distinct epigenetic signatures differentiate CRS subtypes, including specific gene methylation patterns (e.g., TSLP) and microRNA profiles (e.g., miR-941, miR-21).
  • MicroRNAs correlate with disease severity, eosinophilia, and corticosteroid responsiveness, suggesting biomarker potential.
  • Targeting epigenetic modifiers like DNMTs and HDACs shows promise in reversing CRS-related tissue remodeling.
  • Emerging therapies, including biologics and miRNA delivery systems, demonstrate translational potential.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic mechanisms are crucial drivers of CRS pathogenesis and clinical variability.
  • Epigenetic modulation presents opportunities for novel biomarkers, disease stratification, and personalized therapeutic strategies.
  • Future research should standardize epigenetic profiling, validate biomarkers, and integrate multiomics approaches for precision medicine in CRS.