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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
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Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Kavita Singh1, Kurt Schilling2, Yang An3

  • 1Multiscale Imaging and Integrative Biophysics Unit, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cognitive and motor impairments in aging individuals are linked to significant brain changes. Combined deficits show more pronounced gray and white matter alterations, indicating potential neurodegenerative disease markers.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Aging Research
  • Neurodegenerative Diseases

Background:

  • Memory loss affects 40% of individuals over 65, often with early motor decline, signaling potential neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's.
  • Gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) changes in temporal-meta and motor regions are key indicators of aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize cognitive and motor impairments in an aging cohort.
  • To assess GM and WM microstructural changes using advanced MRI techniques (MAP-MRI and DTI).
  • To validate imaging findings with standard cognitive screening (MoCA).

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a dataset of 707 subjects (36-90 years) from the Human Connectome Project-Aging (HCP-A).
  • Classified participants into four groups (cognitive-motor normal, cognitive impairment, motor impairment, cognitive-motor impairment) using k-means clustering based on NIH-Fluid and walk-endurance measures.
  • Examined five MAP-MRI and four DTI metrics in segmented GM and WM regions, employing linear regression adjusted for covariates (sex, YOE, BMI, site).

Main Results:

  • The cognitive-motor impairment (CMI) group showed significantly higher MAP-MRI metrics (RTOP, RTAP, RTPP) and lower DTI metrics (RD, TR) in motor and cognitive-motor regions compared to the cognitive-motor normal (CMN) group.
  • Significant inverse results were observed between CMN and cognitive impairment (CI) groups in specific brain regions (caudate, pallidum, nigrostriatal).
  • No significant differences were found between CMN and motor impairment (MI) groups.

Conclusions:

  • Concomitant motor and cognitive impairment are associated with more significant gray and white matter microstructural changes in the aging population.
  • These findings highlight the importance of assessing both cognitive and motor functions in aging individuals to detect early signs of neurodegeneration.