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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Catarina Tristão-Pereira1,2, David Fernando Aguillón Niño3, Ana Y Baena4

  • 1Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

In autosomal-dominant Alzheimer's disease (AD), brain glucose hypometabolism measured by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET reflects both neuronal injury and reactive astrogliosis. Astrogliosis impacts FDG-PET signal independently of neurodegeneration, suggesting complex underlying mechanisms.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomarkers
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Cerebral glucose hypometabolism (18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET) is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD).
  • FDG-PET changes differentiate dementia types but have complex pathological bases.
  • Astrocytes contribute significantly to the FDG-PET signal, consuming substantial brain energy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the differential contribution of plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and neurofilament light chain (NfL) to FDG-PET in autosomal-dominant AD.
  • Determine the relationship between astrocyte reactivity and neuronal injury markers and brain metabolism.

Main Methods:

  • Included 40 Presenilin-1 E280A mutation carriers and 37 controls from the COLBOS Biomarkers Study.
  • Quantified plasma GFAP and NfL; processed FDG-PET uptake across Freesurfer regions.
  • Used Spearman correlation, Lasso regression, and mediation analysis to assess biomarker associations with FDG uptake.

Main Results:

  • Mutation carriers showed higher plasma GFAP and NfL than controls.
  • Both GFAP and NfL correlated negatively with FDG uptake in carriers, particularly in temporo-parietal regions and hippocampus.
  • Plasma GFAP, but not NfL, remained associated with global FDG uptake in Lasso models, showing a direct effect.

Conclusions:

  • FDG-PET signal in AD may reflect both reactive astrogliosis and neuronal injury.
  • Reactive astrogliosis impacts hypometabolism independently of neurodegeneration.
  • Vascular or neuroinflammatory mechanisms may contribute to hypometabolism and early AD onset, necessitating cautious FDG-PET interpretation.