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Related Concept Videos

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Cally Xiao1, Ganna Blazhenets2, Renaud La Joie2

  • 1Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hispanic participants show lower brain amyloid levels compared to non-Hispanic white individuals, even with the Alzheimer's disease risk allele APOEε4. This finding suggests ethnic differences in Alzheimer's pathology progression.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Previous research indicated the Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk allele APOEε4 is linked to fewer mild cognitive impairment (MCI) cases in Hispanic individuals compared to non-Hispanic white (NHW) participants.
  • Understanding ethnic variations in AD pathology is crucial for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a meta-analysis investigating ethnic differences in the association between APOE genotype and brain amyloid levels.
  • To determine if Hispanic and NHW participants exhibit disparities in amyloid burden measured by positron emission tomography (PET) standardized to the Centiloid scale.

Main Methods:

  • A meta-analysis was performed using data from multiple large-scale studies including A4, ADNI, HABS-HD, IDEAS, and SCAN.
  • The combined dataset comprised 16,831 participants (7.8% Hispanic) with calculated Centiloid values from amyloid PET scans.

Main Results:

  • Hispanic participants exhibited significantly lower mean Centiloid values than NHW participants (p < 0.001).
  • A smaller proportion of Hispanic participants were amyloid-positive (32% vs. 52% in NHW) based on a Centiloid cutoff of 20.
  • Among amyloid-positive individuals with dementia, Hispanic participants had lower Centiloid values than NHW participants (p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

  • Both cognitive decline and the APOEε4 allele correlated with higher Centiloid values across ethnicities.
  • Hispanic participants consistently showed lower Centiloid values than NHW participants, even with cognitive diagnoses and the APOEε4 allele.
  • Further research with additional datasets is planned to explore interactions between demographics, genotype, diagnosis, and Centiloid values.