Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

749
Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
749
Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers

516
Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
516

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Improving the clinical trial landscape for patients with atypical variants of Alzheimer's disease: a call to action.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same author

Global brain maintenance predicts well-preserved cognitive function: A pooled analysis of three longitudinal population-based Swedish cohorts.

Neurobiology of aging·2026
Same author

Multimodal axes reveal individualized amyloid- <math><mi>β</mi></math> , tau, and neurodegeneration coupling in aging and Alzheimer's disease.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026
Same author

[Brain imaging in cognitive disorders - from diagnosis to treatment and monitoring].

Lakartidningen·2026
Same author

Class-level aggregation obscures clinically relevant heterogeneity in anti-amyloid antibody trials: comments on a Cochrane review by individual members of the EADC.

The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease·2026
Same author

Co-pathologies and biological processes beyond amyloid-beta and tau in people with Alzheimer's disease: Evidence from clinical cohort studies.

Journal of internal medicine·2026
Same journal

Breaking barriers: Enhancing access to dementia clinical trials in the United Kingdom-Insights from the Scientific Advisory Board of the Dame Barbara Windsor Dementia Goals Programme.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Unveiling the procoagulant state in Alzheimer's disease: A novel PET imaging strategy.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Estimated labor market outcomes of people progressing from preclinical to early-stage Alzheimer's disease in the United States.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Amyloid exacerbates tau and alpha-synuclein pathologies, behavioral impairments, and neuroinflammation in a mixed dementia model.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Multimorbidity burden and patterns associated with DeepBrainNet-derived brain-age gap in dementia-free older adults: A community-based study.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Reply to "Shifting the emphasis of brain health literacy from individuals to systems to reduce inequalities".

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
07:20

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies

Published on: January 28, 2014

37.1K

Biomarkers.

Rosaleena Mohanty1, Sophia Wheatley1, Giulia Lorenzon1

  • 1Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) subtypes identified by typicality and severity show distinct neuroimaging patterns and responses to treatment. Understanding these subtypes is crucial for personalized AD diagnosis and therapy.

More Related Videos

Selecting Multiple Biomarker Subsets with Similarly Effective Binary Classification Performances
07:35

Selecting Multiple Biomarker Subsets with Similarly Effective Binary Classification Performances

Published on: October 11, 2018

7.9K
Ecotoxicological Methodologies to Evaluate Biomarkers at Different Scales in Neotropical Anurans
08:14

Ecotoxicological Methodologies to Evaluate Biomarkers at Different Scales in Neotropical Anurans

Published on: April 28, 2023

702

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
07:20

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies

Published on: January 28, 2014

37.1K
Selecting Multiple Biomarker Subsets with Similarly Effective Binary Classification Performances
07:35

Selecting Multiple Biomarker Subsets with Similarly Effective Binary Classification Performances

Published on: October 11, 2018

7.9K
Ecotoxicological Methodologies to Evaluate Biomarkers at Different Scales in Neotropical Anurans
08:14

Ecotoxicological Methodologies to Evaluate Biomarkers at Different Scales in Neotropical Anurans

Published on: April 28, 2023

702

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging and Neuroscience
  • Biomarker Discovery
  • Personalized Medicine

Background:

  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) exhibits significant biological heterogeneity, leading to distinct subtypes like typical AD, limbic predominant, cortical predominant, and minimal atrophy.
  • Previous research has conceptualized this heterogeneity based on regional vulnerability, typicality, and severity.
  • Key questions remain regarding cross-modality comparisons, the role of copathologies, temporal evolution, and treatment response tracking for AD subtypes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate Alzheimer's disease (AD) subtypes using a combination of typicality and severity metrics.
  • To compare AD subtypes across multiple neuroimaging modalities including MRI, FDG PET, and tau PET.
  • To explore the influence of copathologies and longitudinal changes on AD subtypes and their response to treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Examined AD subtypes defined by typicality (medial temporal-to-neocortical ratio) and severity (global biomarker mean).
  • Utilized updated reviews and new evidence on atrophy (MRI), hypometabolism (FDG PET), and tau pathology (tau PET) across multiple international cohorts.
  • Discussed findings in relation to amyloid-beta (Aβ), tau, neurodegeneration, cerebrovascular, and alpha-synuclein pathology.

Main Results:

  • Typicality and severity effectively identified AD subtypes across MRI, FDG PET, and tau PET, but subtypes did not consistently translate across modalities.
  • Cerebrovascular copathology, specifically arteriolosclerosis, differentially impacted atrophy and hypometabolism subtypes, while alpha-synuclein did not.
  • Longitudinal analysis revealed convergence of limbic predominant and minimal atrophy subtypes over time, with women showing earlier atrophy and white matter abnormalities.
  • AD subtypes demonstrated differential responses to donepezil treatment, with minimal atrophy and cortical predominant subtypes showing greater benefit.

Conclusions:

  • The combination of typicality and severity provides a framework for investigating neurobiological heterogeneity in Alzheimer's disease (AD).
  • Multimodal and longitudinal subtyping of AD is essential for advancing personalized diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment strategies.
  • Accounting for AD subtypes offers a pathway towards more tailored therapeutic interventions.