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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies

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Biomarkers.

Shuhua Ren¹, Xiaoxie Mao², Qi Huang³

¹Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, China.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association

|December 24, 2025

Summary

Neurofilament light chain (NfL) in blood can predict cognitive decline in patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD). This finding offers potential for early diagnosis of cognitive impairment.

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Area of Science:

Neurology
Biomarkers
Cognitive Science

Background:

Subjective Cognitive Decline (SCD) is a precursor to dementia.
Identifying reliable biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate blood biomarkers (ATN: amyloid, tau, neurodegeneration) in SCD.
Examine relationships between blood biomarkers, amyloid deposition, and cognitive function.
Assess blood biomarkers' ability to predict longitudinal cognitive changes in SCD.

Main Methods:

321 participants (246 SCD, 75 controls) underwent cognitive testing and amyloid PET imaging.
Blood samples analyzed for Aβ42, Aβ40, p-Tau181, t-Tau, and NfL.
Follow-up cognitive assessments after 2 years for 95 subjects.
Statistical analyses included t-tests, ROC curves, correlations, and general linear models.

Main Results:

Blood p-Tau181/Aβ42 ratio correlated with amyloid deposition.
Blood p-Tau181 and NfL showed correlations with specific cognitive domains (memory, executive function, language).
Baseline blood NfL levels significantly predicted cognitive decline in SCD patients over 2 years.

Conclusions:

Blood p-Tau181/Aβ42 is associated with amyloid pathology in SCD.
Blood NfL is a promising predictor of future cognitive decline in SCD.
These findings support the potential of blood biomarkers for early diagnosis and monitoring of SCD.