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Clinical Manifestations.

Hae Young H Yi1, Bronte Ficek-Tani1,2, Corey Horien1,3

  • 1Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 24, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Eye movement patterns in Alzheimer's disease (AD) may offer insights into cognitive function. Non-amnestic AD patients showed varied fixation durations related to visuospatial skills depending on image type, suggesting potential for eye-tracking in clinical assessments.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Ophthalmology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Eye movement abnormalities are an early indicator of Alzheimer's disease (AD).
  • Visual search tasks reveal slower reaction times and altered fixation patterns in AD patients compared to controls.
  • Eye-tracking paradigms offer a valuable tool for assessing cognitive impairment, especially in patients unable to complete traditional neuropsychological tests.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between eye movement metrics and visuospatial function in Alzheimer's disease.
  • To determine if stimulus category (affective faces vs. neutral scenes) influences these relationships.
  • To explore the utility of eye-tracking for evaluating cognitive impairment in AD.

Main Methods:

  • Collected in-scanner eye-tracking data (dwell time, fixation duration, saccade amplitude) during free viewing of neutral scenes and affective faces.
  • Administered out-of-scanner neuropsychological tests assessing visuospatial function and general cognition (e.g., WAIS-III Blocks Design, JLO, HVOT, MMSE).
  • Compared eye-tracking and cognitive performance between healthy controls (HC), amnestic AD, and non-amnestic AD participants using ANOVA and linear regression.

Main Results:

  • Non-amnestic AD participants exhibited significantly worse visuospatial function than both amnestic AD and HC groups.
  • No overall group differences were observed in eye-tracking metrics or their general relationship with cognitive performance.
  • In non-amnestic AD, fixation duration correlated differently with visuospatial scores for faces versus scenes (negative for JLO/Block Design in face trials, positive in scene trials).

Conclusions:

  • Non-amnestic AD participants demonstrate distinct associations between fixation duration and visuospatial performance based on stimulus type (faces vs. scenes).
  • Enhanced sampling of affective faces may benefit visuospatial task performance in non-amnestic AD.
  • Eye movement metrics can provide valuable supplementary information for interpreting neuropsychological test results in AD, emphasizing their clinical relevance.