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[Progress of application of artificial intelligence foundation models in epidemiological research]
1Department of Medical Informatics, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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Artificial intelligence (AI) and foundation model technologies have advantages in handing large-scale datasets, integrating multimodal data types, identifying complex interactions and associations, and constructing prediction models with higher accuracy, which provides new opportunities to epidemiological research. These advanced technologies can improve the infectious disease surveillance system, uncover new risk factors and biomarkers, predict disease progression trajectories with high accuracy, and automate clinical intervention trials to enhance efficiency. This paper reviewed the application of AI and foundation models in epidemiological research, analyzed emerging opportunities and challenges for epidemiological research in the era of AI and foundation models, and outlined future directions. Through the deep integration of AI and foundation model technologies, epidemiological research is expected to open up new directions and develop advanced methodologies, providing scientific basis for making and implementing effective public health interventions, which will realize the goals of effective disease prevention and control and promote the health of the entire population.
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