[Field epidemiology: an evolutionary perspective and contemporary challenges].

Area of Science:

• Public Health
• Epidemiology
• Global Health Security

Background:

• Field epidemiology has evolved over 70 years, with significant academic development in Europe and the US.
• The Field Epidemiology Training Program (FETP), established over 50 years ago, has been adopted in over 100 countries.
• China has seen dynamic 25-year development in field epidemiology, with internationally recognized FETPs and integration into academic curricula.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive review of the evolution of field epidemiology.
• To examine the current state of the discipline.
• To critically analyze contemporary challenges and strategic responses in field epidemiology.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of the historical development of field epidemiology.
• Analysis of the global adoption and impact of Field Epidemiology Training Programs (FETPs).
• Examination of challenges and future directions for the discipline.

Main Results:

• Formal degree programs in field epidemiology remain scarce despite academic progress.
• FETPs are instrumental in investigating and mitigating public health emergencies globally.
• China's field epidemiology sector has expanded significantly, with domestic textbooks and academic integration.

Conclusions:

• Field epidemiology is integral to public health education and national health security.
• Standardization, interdisciplinary integration, and global cooperation are key challenges for the discipline.
• Further theoretical research is vital for enhancing preparedness and response to public health crises.