Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

749
Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
749
Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers

516
Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
516

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Implications for a Deeper Clinical Understanding of Moyamoya Disease: Temporal Evolution of Suzuki Staging.

Neurosurgery practice·2026
Same author

Mechanisms of increased Alzheimer's disease pathology with R47H and R62H TREM2 variants.

Acta neuropathologica·2026
Same author

Ultrasound modulates microglial activity and reduces neuroinflammation in a parameter-dependent manner.

NPJ acoustics·2026
Same author

Cytokine Profiling of Systemic Sclerosis-Related Pulmonary Hypertension.

Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.)·2026
Same author

Author Correction: UK Biobank at 20 - a growing, global resource for dementia research.

Nature reviews. Neurology·2026
Same author

The Dementias Platform UK PET/MR harmonisation and test-retest study: assessment of PET repeatability and reproducibility across the national network.

European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging·2026
Same journal

Evidence for progressive neurodegeneration in iatrogenic cerebral amyloid angiopathy.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Human brain connectome profiles mediate the relationship between pathology burden and clinical phenotypes in Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Kat5 cKO mouse replicates biological domain signatures associated with Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Evaluation of CSF and plasma tau species as fluid surrogate candidates for tau PET in prodromal to moderate Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Associations of self-reported obstructive sleep apnea with cognition and dementia risk in cognitively unimpaired middle-aged adults.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Inflammation profiles in Alzheimer's disease relate to cognition and neurodegeneration.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
07:20

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies

Published on: January 28, 2014

37.1K

Biomarkers.

Stanley Williams1, Samrah Siddiqi1, Sulin Liu1

  • 1UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College, LONDON, London, United Kingdom.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Synapse loss is key in Alzheimer's Disease (AD). The PET tracer UCB-J targets SV2a, but SV2a is not exclusively at synapses, limiting its use as a biomarker for synapse density in AD.

More Related Videos

Selecting Multiple Biomarker Subsets with Similarly Effective Binary Classification Performances
07:35

Selecting Multiple Biomarker Subsets with Similarly Effective Binary Classification Performances

Published on: October 11, 2018

7.9K
Ecotoxicological Methodologies to Evaluate Biomarkers at Different Scales in Neotropical Anurans
08:14

Ecotoxicological Methodologies to Evaluate Biomarkers at Different Scales in Neotropical Anurans

Published on: April 28, 2023

702

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
07:20

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies

Published on: January 28, 2014

37.1K
Selecting Multiple Biomarker Subsets with Similarly Effective Binary Classification Performances
07:35

Selecting Multiple Biomarker Subsets with Similarly Effective Binary Classification Performances

Published on: October 11, 2018

7.9K
Ecotoxicological Methodologies to Evaluate Biomarkers at Different Scales in Neotropical Anurans
08:14

Ecotoxicological Methodologies to Evaluate Biomarkers at Different Scales in Neotropical Anurans

Published on: April 28, 2023

702

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neuropathology
  • Biomarker Development

Background:

  • Synapse loss is a hallmark of Alzheimer's Disease (AD), correlating with cognitive decline.
  • The PET tracer UCB-J targets SV2a, a protein thought to mark synapse density.
  • SV2a's presence outside of synapses complicates its interpretation as a reliable AD biomarker.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the cellular and subcellular distribution of SV2a.
  • To clarify the origin of the PET signal from SV2a in the brain.
  • To assess the utility of SV2a as a biomarker for synapse density in Alzheimer's Disease.

Main Methods:

  • Human post-mortem brain tissue from AD and control subjects was stained for SV2a and various synaptic and non-synaptic markers.
  • Confocal imaging and Imaris software were used for detailed cellular and subcellular analysis.
  • Colocalization analysis was performed to determine the synaptic and non-synaptic distribution of SV2a.

Main Results:

  • SV2a showed partial colocalization with synaptic markers (synaptophysin, VGLUT1, VGAT), indicating it is not present at all synapses.
  • A significant proportion of SV2a was found in non-synaptic neuronal compartments (axons, somato-dendritic areas) and in glial cells, particularly astrocytes.
  • SV2a levels in astrocytes were elevated in AD cortical tissue compared to controls.

Conclusions:

  • SV2a is not exclusively localized to synapses, with substantial expression in neuronal and glial compartments.
  • The non-synaptic distribution of SV2a suggests that PET tracers targeting SV2a may not accurately reflect true synapse density in Alzheimer's Disease.
  • The utility of SV2a as a direct biomarker for synapse loss in AD requires re-evaluation.