A predictive model for vertical ground reaction force during incline push-ups.

Area of Science:

• Biomechanics
• Exercise Physiology

Background:

• Push-ups are a popular bodyweight exercise for upper body strength.
• The influence of varying incline angles and movement tempos on push-up intensity is not fully understood.
• Accurate models for predicting exercise intensity in push-ups are underdeveloped.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop a reliable predictive model for vertical ground reaction force during push-ups.
• To incorporate body mass, incline angle, and movement tempo into the predictive model.
• To provide a tool for individualized load prescription in push-up exercises.

Main Methods:

• Twenty-seven male university students performed push-ups at 10°, 20°, and 30° inclinations and three different tempos.
• Vertical ground reaction forces and average movement speeds were measured using a force platform.
• Multiple linear regression was used to develop the predictive model, with Bland-Altman analyses assessing agreement.

Main Results:

• A predictive model for vertical ground reaction force was successfully developed, incorporating body mass, incline, and tempo.
• The model demonstrated moderate predictive performance with acceptable agreement between predicted and measured forces.
• Significant associations were found between movement tempo and force, varying by incline angle, with body mass being a positive predictor of force.

Conclusions:

• The developed predictive model can inform individualized load prescription for push-ups across various incline angles and tempos.
• Body mass is a key factor to consider when prescribing push-up intensity.
• The model's accuracy was validated through Bland-Altman analyses, showing small biases and acceptable limits of agreement.