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Related Concept Videos

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number02:33

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number

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The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
Types of Unit Cells
Imagine taking a large number of identical...
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Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
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Coordination Number and Geometry02:57

Coordination Number and Geometry

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For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.
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Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

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Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
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Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
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Pressure-temperature route from disordered BCC to a 2 × 2 × 2 B2 superstructure.

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Pressure transforms refractory alloys into a disordered solid solution. Controlled heating then creates a novel 3D superstructure, offering new ways to engineer alloy properties.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid-State Chemistry
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Phase stability in complex alloys depends on entropy and enthalpy.
  • Refractory alloys like Re$_{0.6}$(NbTiZrHf)$_{0.4}$ exhibit delicate phase balances.
  • Pressure can stabilize disordered phases over ordered ones, as seen in this alloy's martensitic transformation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the transformation of a pressure-stabilized disordered phase in a refractory alloy.
  • To explore the creation of novel superstructures in compositionally complex alloys.
  • To establish a method for achieving chemical ordering from pressure-induced phases.

Main Methods:

  • In situ laser heating experiments.
  • Synchrotron X-ray diffraction.
  • Diamond-anvil cell for high-pressure studies.

Main Results:

  • The metastable disordered body-centered-cubic (bcc) phase was controllably transformed.
  • A large-scale 2×2×2 B2-type superstructure with primitive-cubic symmetry was formed.
  • This ordered phase is crystallographically distinct from conventional B2 ordering.

Conclusions:

  • Combining compression and thermal activation can create recoverable 3D superstructures.
  • This approach offers new pathways for tailoring alloy strength and transport properties.
  • Novel superstructures can be achieved from pressure-stabilized solid solutions in complex alloys.