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This study reveals vulnerabilities in a proposed authentication scheme for the Internet of Drones (IoD). Enhanced protocols are introduced, offering improved security for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) networks despite increased costs.

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Area of Science:

  • Computer Science
  • Network Security
  • Cybersecurity

Background:

  • The Internet of Drones (IoD) integrates Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) for diverse applications, necessitating robust security measures.
  • Existing authentication protocols for IoD face challenges in security, privacy, and inter-drone communication.
  • Zhang et al. proposed a Physical Unclonable Function (PUF)-based authentication scheme for IoD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the security vulnerabilities of Zhang et al.'s PUF-based authentication scheme in the IoD environment.
  • To propose two enhanced authentication protocols that address the identified security flaws.
  • To validate the security of the enhanced protocols through informal and formal methods.

Main Methods:

  • Vulnerability analysis of Zhang et al.'s scheme, demonstrating susceptibility to attacks like secret value disclosure and key extraction.
  • Development of two novel authentication protocols designed to mitigate identified vulnerabilities.
  • Security validation using informal proofs and formal verification with the Scyther tool.

Main Results:

  • Zhang et al.'s scheme is proven vulnerable to multiple attacks with a 100% success probability.
  • The two proposed enhanced protocols successfully overcome the identified vulnerabilities.
  • The enhanced protocols show increased communication and computational costs ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]) but maintain unchanged storage costs.

Conclusions:

  • The original PUF-based authentication scheme for IoD is insecure and susceptible to significant attacks.
  • The proposed enhanced protocols offer a more secure and reliable authentication solution for IoD networks.
  • Despite minor cost increases, the enhanced protocols provide essential security guarantees for UAV communications.