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A Metadata Extraction Approach for Clinical Case Reports to Enable Advanced Understanding of Biomedical Concepts
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Clinical Manifestations.

Joseph Eichenbaum1, Miriam T Ashford1,2, Chengshi Jin1

  • 1University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plasma biomarkers like pTau217 and GFAP correlate with subjective cognitive decline and memory concerns in older adults. This remote screening method aids in identifying individuals at risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD).

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Biomarker Discovery
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Plasma biomarkers show promise for early Alzheimer's disease (AD) detection.
  • Subjective Cognitive Decline (SCD) represents an early symptomatic stage in the AD continuum.
  • The utility of plasma biomarkers in the SCD population remains under-explored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between plasma AD biomarker levels and subjective/objective cognitive measures in a remote cohort.
  • To assess the potential of scalable remote data collection for AD screening and monitoring.

Main Methods:

  • 629 participants (55+) underwent remote blood draws for plasma analysis.
  • Plasma biomarkers measured included NFL, Aβ42/40, pTau231, pTau217, and GFAP.
  • Linear regression analyzed associations between biomarkers and cognitive scales (ECog, memory concerns, Cogstate).

Main Results:

  • Elevated pTau217 and pTau231 levels correlated with self-reported memory concerns.
  • Higher pTau217 and GFAP were associated with increased self-reported cognitive decline on the ECog scale.
  • No significant associations were found between plasma biomarkers and objective cognitive performance (Cogstate).

Conclusions:

  • Remote, unsupervised digital measures of SCD and memory concerns can identify individuals with elevated plasma pTau and GFAP.
  • This approach efficiently identifies older adults at risk for AD-related cognitive impairment.
  • The scalable method facilitates clinical trial recruitment, observational studies, and clinical care screening.