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Clinical Manifestations.

Ryan D Frank1, Teresa J Christianson1, Winnie Z Fan1

  • 1Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study developed a new model to track cognitive changes using the Mayo Test Drive (MTD) digital assessment. The model accurately predicts cognitive decline in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia (DEM).

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience and Cognitive Science
  • Digital Health and Medical Informatics

Background:

  • Remote digital cognitive assessments offer scalable solutions for cognitive screening and monitoring.
  • Mayo Test Drive (MTD) is a validated digital assessment tool comprising memory and processing speed tests.
  • The need exists for predictive models of longitudinal cognitive change in digital assessments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a conditional normative model for predicting longitudinal cognitive change using the MTD.
  • To validate this predictive model in independent cohorts of cognitively unimpaired (CU) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI)/dementia (DEM) participants.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a conditional normative model using linear mixed effects models on 1355 CU participants with 2-4 MTD assessments.
  • Included age, sex, education, and baseline score as predictors; assessed additional variables for >1% r-squared increase.
  • Externally validated the model in independent CU and MCI/DEM cohorts, comparing observed and predicted scores.

Main Results:

  • Age, baseline score, sex, and education were significant predictors in the final model.
  • The model showed good agreement between observed and predicted scores in the CU development and validation cohorts.
  • The model demonstrated sensitivity to longitudinal cognitive decline, with significantly worse residual z-scores in MCI/DEM participants.

Conclusions:

  • Developed longitudinal normative models for the MTD assessment.
  • These models can identify individuals exhibiting abnormal longitudinal cognitive decline.
  • The findings support the use of MTD-based models for monitoring cognitive trajectories.