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A Metadata Extraction Approach for Clinical Case Reports to Enable Advanced Understanding of Biomedical Concepts
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Clinical Manifestations.

Lena Sannemann1, Katharina Buerger2,3, Julian Hellmann-Regen4,5,6

  • 1University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Psychiatry, Cologne, Germany.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) involves self-perceived cognitive changes. Plasma Aß42/40 levels predict cognitive decline in individuals with SCD, highlighting biological markers for future clinical trials.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Biomarkers

Background:

  • Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is a self-perceived decline in cognition despite objectively normal performance.
  • SCD is associated with amyloid pathology and an increased risk of future cognitive decline, particularly in memory clinic settings.
  • Understanding individual differences in cognitive decline trajectories within SCD is crucial for early intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To model individual differences in cognitive decline among individuals experiencing Subjective Cognitive Decline (SCD).
  • To investigate the predictive power of biological and neuropsychiatric factors on cognitive trajectories in SCD.

Main Methods:

  • Latent Growth Curve Model (LGCM) analysis was performed on longitudinal data from 203 participants with SCD from the DELCODE study.
  • The Preclinical Alzheimer's Cognitive Composite (PACC5) score over five years was analyzed.
  • Two models were compared: a biological model (plasma Aß42/40, ptau181, ApoE-4, hippocampal volume) and a neuropsychiatric model (GDS, GAIS-SF, NPI-Q).

Main Results:

  • LGCM revealed a linear decline in PACC5 scores over five years.
  • The biological model demonstrated a significant improvement in fit, with plasma Aß42/40 positively predicting baseline cognition and negatively predicting cognitive decline.
  • Plasma ptau181 was negatively related to baseline cognition, while Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) scores negatively predicted the rate of cognitive decline.

Conclusions:

  • These findings enhance the understanding of cognitive decline trajectories in individuals with SCD.
  • Specific predictors, including plasma Aß42/40 and GDS scores, are identified, which can inform the design of future clinical trials targeting this population.