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Clinical Manifestations.

Mason Taylor1, Marc Goodfellow2, Karin Petrini1

  • 1University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Reduced REM sleep in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is detectable with wearable EEG and linked to cognitive decline, suggesting it as an early Alzheimer's disease biomarker.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarker identification is crucial for prevention.
  • Sleep disturbances, especially in slow wave sleep (SWS) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, are early indicators of AD pathology.
  • Polysomnography (PSG) for sleep assessment is limited by cost and accessibility; wearable EEG offers a feasible alternative.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess sleep stage changes in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) using wearable EEG.
  • To investigate the association between sleep alterations and cognitive functioning in MCI.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a wearable EEG device (Sleep Profiler) for at-home sleep monitoring in 7 MCI patients and 13 controls.
  • Assessed global cognitive function using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA).
  • Employed the U-Sleep deep learning algorithm for sleep scoring, validated against PSG.

Main Results:

  • MCI patients exhibited significantly lower REM sleep percentage compared to controls (p=0.043).
  • Reduced REM sleep percentage correlated significantly with lower MoCA scores (p=0.040).
  • No significant differences were found in other sleep stages between groups.

Conclusions:

  • Decreased REM sleep, detectable via wearable EEG, may indicate early Alzheimer's disease.
  • This sleep alteration is associated with cognitive decline in MCI.
  • At-home sleep monitoring shows promise for early AD detection.