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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
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Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Qu Tian1, Erin E Greig1, Susan M Resnick2

  • 1National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Certain sphingomyelins and glycosylceramides in plasma mediate the link between a person's sense of smell and their cognitive and mobility functions. This suggests lipids play a role in age-related decline and neurodegenerative diseases.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Olfactory deficit is an early indicator of age-related cognitive and mobility decline and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
  • The mechanisms linking olfaction to these declines are not fully understood.
  • Plasma lipids may influence nasal mucosa lipids, affecting olfactory nerve function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether plasma lipids mediate the relationship between olfaction and cognitive/mobility impairment and function.
  • To explore potential mechanisms underlying age-related functional decline.

Main Methods:

  • 656 participants from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA) were analyzed.
  • Plasma lipids were measured using mass spectrometry and categorized into six classes.
  • Olfaction, cognitive function, and mobility were assessed using standardized tests (Sniffin' Sticks, neuropsychological battery, gait speed).

Main Results:

  • Specific very long-chain and long-chain glycosylceramides and sphingomyelins were positively associated with olfaction, cognition, and mobility.
  • Sphingomyelins significantly mediated the association between olfaction and attention, manual dexterity, verbal memory, and various mobility measures (up to 29.4%).
  • Glycosylceramides also mediated associations with attention, rapid gait speed, and 400-meter walk time (up to 11%).

Conclusions:

  • Sphingomyelins and glycosylceramides act as mediators in the relationship between olfaction, cognition, and mobility.
  • These findings highlight the potential role of lipid metabolism in nasal mucosa in age-related functional decline.
  • Further longitudinal studies are recommended to confirm these cross-sectional findings.