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Clinical Manifestations.

Elizabeth Riley1, Genevieve Wager1, Eve De Rosa1

  • 1Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) affects pupillary responses differently in younger and older adults. Older adults showed a significant decrease in pupillary response, suggesting age-related differences in locus coeruleus function.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Medical Devices

Background:

  • The locus coeruleus (LC) is crucial for cognitive function and an early site of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease.
  • Modulating LC activity via transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) may impact norepinephrine release and disease progression.
  • LC structure and function vary across the lifespan, necessitating age-specific investigations of taVNS effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the differential effects of taVNS on pupillary responses in younger versus older adults.
  • To explore age-related differences in locus coeruleus (LC) function as modulated by taVNS.

Main Methods:

  • 21 participants (12 younger, 9 older) underwent sham and verum taVNS during a visual oddball task with concurrent pupillometry.
  • Individualized taVNS parameters (25 Hz, 250 μs pulse width) were used.
  • Pupillary light reflex was controlled for by using brighter standard stimuli.

Main Results:

  • A significant effect of taVNS treatment on pupillary responses to oddball stimuli was observed (p=0.009).
  • A significant interaction between age group and taVNS treatment was found (p=0.0007).
  • Younger adults showed a nonsignificant pupillary response increase with verum taVNS, while older adults exhibited a significant decrease (30.5%, p=0.0002).

Conclusions:

  • taVNS exerts distinct effects on pupillary responses in younger and older adults.
  • These findings suggest age-dependent alterations in locus coeruleus (LC) function.
  • This pilot study highlights the need for age-specific considerations in taVNS applications for neurological conditions.