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Summary

Lifestyle interventions like exercise and diet may improve cognitive function. However, their specific impact on individuals with the Apolipoprotein E e4 allele (APOE-e4) requires further investigation.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Public Health
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Dementia, a growing public health concern linked to aging populations.
  • Alzheimer's disease, the primary dementia type, is influenced by genetic (APOE-e4 allele) and lifestyle factors.
  • The interplay between genetic predisposition and lifestyle in cognitive decline remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the role of the Apolipoprotein E e4 allele (APOE-e4) in lifestyle interventions' effects on cognitive performance.
  • To understand how genetic factors interact with lifestyle modifications in the context of cognitive health.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) published up to May 2024.
  • Searches conducted in major databases: Pubmed, EMBASE, and Web of Science.
  • Eligibility criteria included RCT design, lifestyle interventions, cognitive assessment, and APOE-e4 analysis.

Main Results:

  • Fifteen RCTs were included, focusing on exercise, diet, or combined interventions.
  • Exercise and dietary interventions generally showed cognitive improvements in the overall sample.
  • Limited studies compared intervention effects between APOE-e4 carriers and non-carriers, with inconclusive results.

Conclusions:

  • Lifestyle interventions (exercise, diet) show potential for improving cognitive functions.
  • The differential impact of lifestyle interventions on APOE-e4 carriers versus non-carriers is not yet conclusive.
  • Further research is necessary to elucidate the specific effects on different genetic profiles.