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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Pierfilippo De Sanctis1, Theo Vanneau1, Wenzhu B Mowrey1

  • 1Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Early cognitive impairment (CI) is linked to distinct brain activity patterns during dual-task walking. This research used EEG and motion tracking to identify neural markers for functional decline in older adults, aiding early dementia detection.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Functional decline in daily activities is a hallmark of dementia syndromes.
  • Subtle limitations precede mild cognitive impairment (MCI) diagnosis.
  • Neural underpinnings of early-stage dementia-related functional decline are poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate neural correlates of functional decline in older adults at varying cognitive impairment (CI) risk.
  • Utilize a dual-task walking paradigm with electroencephalography (EEG) and 3D body tracking.
  • Identify distinct brain activation patterns associated with higher CI risk during complex tasks.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited 36 individuals aged 65+, divided into lower-risk (Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MoCA] ≥ 27) and higher-risk (MoCA ≤ 26) groups.
  • Employed a dual-task walking paradigm synchronized with portable EEG and 3D body tracking.
  • Analyzed gait-related brain activity: 8-28 Hz over pre/postcentral gyrus (sensorimotor) and 3-7 Hz over frontomedial cortex (motor control).

Main Results:

  • Higher CI risk was associated with poorer performance during dual-task walking.
  • Distinct fronto-parietal brain activation patterns were observed in the higher-risk group.
  • Specific EEG frequency bands over sensorimotor and motor control regions differentiated risk groups.

Conclusions:

  • The combined EEG and 3D motion tracking approach offers high spatiotemporal resolution for analyzing brain activity during complex daily functions.
  • This methodology provides task-specific, brain regional, and spectral insights into early functional decline.
  • The approach has potential for improving prediction and identifying non-invasive brain stimulation targets for early dementia interventions.