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Chemically modified DNA aptamers and DNAzymes for expanded functional capabilities.

Canyu Zhang1, Ke-Siyi Ma1, Zifan Zhang1

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Chemically modifying DNA aptamers and DNAzymes enhances their stability and functionality. This review covers recent advances, challenges, and future directions for these versatile DNA molecules.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Chemical Biology

Background:

  • DNA aptamers and DNAzymes, selected via SELEX, show promise in diverse applications.
  • Single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) has inherent limitations in stability and functionality.
  • Chemical modifications offer a route to overcome these limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review chemical modifications applied to DNA aptamers and DNAzymes.
  • To highlight recent examples (last 5 years) of enhanced functionality.
  • To discuss challenges and future prospects in the field.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of chemical modifications in DNA aptamers and DNAzymes.
  • Analysis of representative examples showcasing functional expansion.
  • Discussion of current challenges and future research directions.

Main Results:

  • Various chemical modifications significantly improve DNA aptamer and DNAzyme stability and functionality.
  • Recent studies demonstrate expanded capabilities through tailored chemical modifications.
  • The field is progressing towards greater structural diversity and functional complexity.

Conclusions:

  • Chemical modifications are crucial for advancing DNA aptamer and DNAzyme technology.
  • Addressing current challenges will accelerate the development of novel functional DNAs.
  • Future research should focus on expanding the chemical space and application potential of modified DNA molecules.