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Clinical Manifestations.

Abbie Palmer1, Millie Sander1, Clive G Ballard1

  • 1University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Long Covid can cause significant cognitive impairment, particularly affecting memory and executive function. Lifestyle factors are associated with these deficits, underscoring the need for targeted clinical guidance.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Public Health
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Long Covid impacts at least 9.9% of individuals, with neuropsychiatric symptoms like cognitive impairment affecting over 25% of patients.
  • Cognitive deficits in Long Covid significantly impair quality of life, employment, and social activities.
  • The etiology of Long Covid cognitive symptoms is poorly understood, necessitating further research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the cognitive profile of individuals with Long Covid.
  • To compare cognitive performance in Long Covid patients with a healthy, age-matched cohort.
  • To identify factors associated with cognitive impairment in Long Covid.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited 2185 participants with subjective cognitive impairment post-Covid-19 to the BEACON trial.
  • Administered demographic, health, mental health, fatigue, and wellbeing questionnaires.
  • Utilized the FLAME cognitive test system for memory, attention, and executive function assessment; comparative analysis with PROTECT-UK cohort data.

Main Results:

  • BEACON cohort exhibited a unique cognitive impairment profile compared to healthy controls.
  • Marked impairment in memory and executive function was observed, particularly in those with severe Covid-19 history.
  • Regression analyses identified associations between lifestyle factors and cognitive impairment.

Conclusions:

  • Provides detailed cognitive characterization of Long Covid patients, revealing potentially unique cognitive trajectories.
  • Highlights the importance of clinical guidance for detecting, monitoring, and treating cognitive impairment in Long Covid.
  • Emphasizes the need for further research into the underlying mechanisms and effective interventions for Long Covid cognitive dysfunction.