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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Lianlian Du1,2, Konstantinos Arfanakis1,3, Arnold M Evia1

  • 1Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Brain arteriolosclerosis (ARTS) onset occurs around age 93, with earlier onset in women and Black/Latino individuals. Faster progression is seen in males and those with mixed pathologies.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Radiology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Brain arteriolosclerosis is a key factor in cerebral small vessel disease, impacting cognition and dementia risk.
  • Currently diagnosed post-mortem, there's a need for in-vivo diagnostic methods.
  • Previous research developed an MRI-based classifier for arteriolosclerosis, known as ARTS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To estimate the age of onset for brain arteriolosclerosis using the ARTS classifier.
  • To understand the longitudinal progression of arteriolosclerosis.
  • To investigate factors influencing onset and progression in non-demented individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized MRI data from 1,195 dementia-free participants across five studies.
  • Applied Gaussian Mixture Modeling (GMM) to identify high and low ARTS score groups.
  • Employed Sampled Iterative Local Approximation (SILA) to model ARTS accumulation trajectories and analyzed onset differences across demographics and pathologies.

Main Results:

  • Identified a mean onset age of 93 years for arteriolosclerosis.
  • Females and Black/Latino participants showed earlier onset compared to males and White participants.
  • Males, Black participants, and those with co-existing pathologies (atherosclerosis, infarcts) exhibited faster ARTS accumulation.

Conclusions:

  • Brain arteriolosclerosis onset and progression vary significantly by sex and race/ethnicity.
  • Co-occurring pathologies accelerate arteriolosclerosis progression, highlighting the impact of mixed cerebrovascular disease.