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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Yingxu Liu1, Kirsten M Lynch1, Pranali Khobragade2

  • 1Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Superficial white matter changes, specifically higher intracellular volume fraction (FICVF), predict lower risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in older adults. This relationship is stronger in individuals with disadvantaged socioeconomic backgrounds, highlighting FICVF as a key biomarker.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Gerontology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Superficial white matter microstructural changes may precede grey matter atrophy and cognitive impairment.
  • Understanding these changes in older, non-Western populations and across socioeconomic strata is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between white matter microstructure and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in older Indian adults.
  • To examine whether socioeconomic factors modify the microstructure-cognition relationship.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized multi-shell diffusion MRI from 193 older adults in the Longitudinal Aging Study in India - Diagnostic Assessment of Dementia (LASI-DAD).
  • Derived Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging (NODDI) metrics, including intracellular volume fraction (FICVF), from white matter.
  • Assessed associations between regional/global NODDI metrics and MCI, examining interactions with literacy, education, employment, and community setting.

Main Results:

  • Higher FICVF was associated with a lower risk of MCI, demonstrating greater sensitivity than other NODDI metrics and macrostructural measures.
  • The FICVF-cognition relationship was significantly modified by literacy, with stronger associations observed in individuals with disadvantaged socioeconomic backgrounds.
  • Similar, though nonsignificant, interaction trends were noted for education, employment, and community setting.

Conclusions:

  • Neurite density, indicated by FICVF, is a valuable predictor of cognitive outcomes in community-based populations.
  • A stronger association between FICVF and reduced MCI risk was observed in individuals with disadvantaged socioeconomic backgrounds.
  • These findings underscore the importance of microstructural integrity and its differential impact across diverse socioeconomic groups.