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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Calvin Trieu1,2,3, Ellen Dicks1,2, Mardou S S A van Leeuwenstijn1,2

  • 1Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, Netherlands.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gray matter atrophy in individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology, particularly glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) levels. Blood biomarkers show potential for monitoring brain changes and disease progression in SCD.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Biomarkers
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Blood-based biomarkers are established markers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology in individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD).
  • The association between longitudinal changes in blood biomarkers and gray matter atrophy in SCD remains unclear.
  • This study investigates the relationship between blood biomarkers and changes in cortical thickness and hippocampal volume in individuals with SCD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the longitudinal association between blood-based Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers and gray matter atrophy in individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD).
  • To determine if baseline levels or longitudinal changes in biomarkers like GFAP, pTau217, and NfL correlate with changes in cortical thickness and hippocampal volume.

Main Methods:

  • 167 individuals with SCD (49 amyloid-positive [A+], 118 amyloid-negative [A-]) underwent biennial blood sampling and repeated imaging over 4.6±2.7 years.
  • Blood biomarkers (Aβ42/40, pTau217, GFAP, NfL) were measured using SIMOA. Cortical thickness and hippocampal volume were assessed using longitudinal FreeSurfer.
  • Linear mixed models analyzed associations between baseline biomarker levels/slopes and changes in brain structure.

Main Results:

  • Individuals with SCD A+ showed greater decreases in cortical thickness and hippocampal volume over time compared to SCD A-.
  • Higher baseline GFAP and increases in GFAP over time were significantly associated with greater decreases in cortical thickness and hippocampal volume.
  • Higher baseline pTau217 and increases in pTau217 were linked to hippocampal volume reduction. Higher baseline NfL correlated with decreased cortical thickness and hippocampal volume, but not longitudinal changes.
  • Aβ42/40 levels (baseline or changes) were not associated with atrophy.

Conclusions:

  • Gray matter atrophy in individuals with SCD is associated with AD-related pathology indicated by blood biomarkers, especially GFAP.
  • Blood-based biomarkers, particularly GFAP, show potential for monitoring structural brain changes and disease progression in SCD.
  • These findings support the utility of blood biomarkers for tracking neurodegenerative changes in individuals with cognitive decline.