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A Metadata Extraction Approach for Clinical Case Reports to Enable Advanced Understanding of Biomedical Concepts
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Clinical Manifestations.

Tyler R Bell1,2, Daniel E Gustavson3, Carol E Franz1,2

  • 1University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Subjective memory decline (SMD) measured by the ECog scale predicts objective memory loss and Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain changes. This tool may detect early AD risk missed by other methods.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Subjective memory decline (SMD) is a potential early marker for Alzheimer's disease (AD).
  • Previous studies show mixed results linking SMD to objective memory and AD-related brain changes, possibly due to single-item measures.
  • The Everyday Cognition scale (ECog) uses multiple items and informant reports to better detect early AD risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the association between ECog-measured SMD and objective memory.
  • To examine the link between ECog-SMD and AD-related neurodegeneration.
  • To determine if ECog-SMD predicts future changes in memory and brain structure.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging (VETSA) with cognitively unimpaired men.
  • Administered the ECog memory subscale to participants and informants at two time points (mean ages 68 and 74).
  • Assessed objective memory via latent factor scores and AD brain signature using MRI-derived hippocampal volume and cortical thickness.

Main Results:

  • ECog-SMD correlated with poorer objective memory and lower AD brain signature scores concurrently.
  • ECog-SMD predicted future declines in objective memory and reductions in AD brain signature.
  • Increases in ECog-SMD were linked to memory decline but not significantly to changes in AD brain signatures at the second time point.

Conclusions:

  • Participant and informant ECog ratings of SMD reflect current objective memory and AD-related neurodegeneration.
  • Participant-reported SMD shows potential for identifying future AD-related neurodegeneration, possibly surpassing other assessment methods.