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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
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Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Xiaowei Zhuang1

  • 1Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV, USA; University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Menopausal stage influences how chronic stress affects brain activity in women at risk for Alzheimer's disease. Postmenopausal women with more lifetime stressors showed increased temporal lobe activation during memory tasks.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Sex-specific neural activity and stress responses are documented in Alzheimer's disease (AD).
  • Estrogen influences stress-related biological processes, impacting brain regions vulnerable to AD.
  • The interplay of gender-linked stressors, estrogen, and neural memory activity in women at risk for AD is under-explored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the interaction between menopausal stage, gender-linked stressors, and neural activity during a memory task in middle-aged women at risk for AD.
  • To explore how chronic stress exposure modifies brain function related to memory in relation to reproductive aging.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited 49 middle-aged women with a family history of AD.
  • Quantified gender-linked chronic stressors (STRAIN) and menopausal stage (STRAW).
  • Acquired functional MRI (fMRI) data during a mnemonic similarity task (MST); analyzed neural activation patterns for lure recognition and discrimination.

Main Results:

  • Perimenopausal women exhibited the highest recognition accuracy.
  • Significant brain activations were observed in prefrontal, medial temporal, and parietal regions.
  • In postmenopausal women, increased lifetime stressors correlated with greater temporal lobe activation, while pre/perimenopausal women showed reduced or opposite associations.

Conclusions:

  • Menopausal status may moderate the relationship between gender-linked stress and temporal lobe activation during memory tasks.
  • Further research is needed to examine continuous estrogen measures to understand the mechanistic basis of this interaction.
  • Findings may enhance understanding of how sex-specific neuroendocrine factors contribute to stress-related cognitive vulnerability in women at high risk for AD.