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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Arnold Bakker1,2, Marilyn S S Albert3, Sharon Rosenzweig-Lipson4

  • 1Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

AGB101 treatment showed a 40% benefit in non-carriers of ApoE-4 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to Alzheimer's disease (AD), significantly reducing entorhinal cortex atrophy. Further testing is warranted for this patient subgroup.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Hippocampal hyperactivity is a key feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
  • This overactivity, stemming from an imbalance in neural activity, drives neurodegeneration and tau pathology spread.
  • AGB101, a low-dose levetiracetam formulation, aims to normalize hippocampal activity and improve cognition in MCI patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the efficacy of AGB101 in slowing progression in amyloid-positive MCI patients.
  • To evaluate the impact of AGB101 on cognitive decline and neurodegeneration over 78 weeks.

Main Methods:

  • 164 amyloid-positive MCI participants were randomized to AGB101 or placebo.
  • The primary outcome measure was the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB).
  • MRI and plasma biomarker analyses were conducted at baseline and 78 weeks.

Main Results:

  • In ApoE-4 non-carriers, AGB101 showed a 40% benefit on CDR-SB versus placebo.
  • AGB101 significantly reduced entorhinal cortex atrophy in ApoE-4 non-carriers.
  • This reduction in atrophy correlated with CDR-SB changes and plasma biomarkers (NFL, GFAP).

Conclusions:

  • Low-dose levetiracetam (AGB101) normalizes aberrant brain network activity.
  • AGB101 demonstrated meaningful benefit and reduced neurodegeneration in ApoE-4 non-carriers with MCI due to AD.
  • Further investigation of AGB101 in this specific patient group is recommended.