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Clinical Manifestations.

Lauren G Santos1, Stella Garriga1, Michael G Davenport1

  • 1University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Acculturation impacts cognitive function in Hispanic/Latina(o) individuals, with social support and neighborhood disadvantage playing key roles. Understanding these factors is crucial for promoting cognitive health in diverse aging populations.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Public Health
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Hispanic/Latina(o) individuals face unique health challenges due to intersecting cultural, social, and systemic factors.
  • Acculturation's influence on cognitive outcomes is inconsistent and rarely studied within social and structural contexts.
  • This study investigates acculturation's association with cognition, considering social and structural influences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the relationship between acculturation and cognitive performance in Hispanic/Latina(o) adults.
  • To examine how social support and neighborhood disadvantage modify the acculturation-cognition link.
  • To identify socio-structural phenotypes associated with cognitive outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional analysis of 1,095 Hispanic/Latina(o) participants from the Health and Aging Brain Study-Health Disparities (HABS-HD).
  • Assessment of acculturation, social support, and cognitive function using standardized measures and neuropsychological testing.
  • Calculation of state-level neighborhood disadvantage using the Area Deprivation Index (ADI) and application of ANOVA and k-cluster analysis.

Main Results:

  • Higher acculturation correlated with better performance in general cognition, processing speed, language, memory, and executive function.
  • Positive associations were found between social support and cognitive domains, while higher ADI was linked to poorer cognitive outcomes.
  • An interaction between social support and ADI affected language; three distinct socio-structural clusters emerged, with one cluster showing significantly better cognitive performance.

Conclusions:

  • The association between acculturation and cognitive health is moderated by social and structural determinants.
  • Incorporating social support and environmental stressors is vital for accurately assessing cognitive outcomes in diverse populations.
  • Future interventions should consider targeting social support and built environment stressors to enhance cognitive health, especially concerning acculturation.