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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Ling Guo1, Baolian Dong1, Chao Song1

  • 1Anning First People's Hospital Affiliated to Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Anning, Yunnan, China.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

SiO2 nanoparticles (SiNPs) administered intranasally may increase Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk by damaging the brain. SiNPs altered AD biomarkers and apoptosis proteins in mice, indicating neurotoxicity even in healthy individuals.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Toxicology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder.
  • The potential neurotoxic effects of silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiNPs) on brain health are not fully understood.
  • Investigating the link between SiNPs exposure and AD pathogenesis is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if SiNPs increase Alzheimer's disease risk or exacerbate existing AD brain damage.
  • To evaluate the impact of intranasal SiNPs administration on AD biomarkers and apoptosis pathways in mouse models.
  • To assess the neurotoxic potential of SiNPs in both wild-type (WT) and genetically modified AD mouse models.

Main Methods:

  • SiNPs were administered via intranasal instillation (INI) to WT and TgAPP/PS1/tau mice for 28 days.
  • Alzheimer's disease biomarkers (Aβ, BACE1, tau) and apoptosis-related proteins (caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3, Bax) were measured in brain cortex using Western Blotting.
  • mRNA levels of APP, PS1, and tau in blood serum were analyzed using RT-qPCR.

Main Results:

  • SiNPs exposure significantly increased amyloid β (Aβ) and BACE1 protein levels in the brain cortex of both WT and AD mice.
  • mRNA levels of APP, PS1, and tau were elevated in WT mice in a concentration-dependent manner following INI.
  • Cleaved caspase-3 and Bax showed upregulation in both mouse types, suggesting SiNPs induce apoptosis and neuronal damage.

Conclusions:

  • Intranasally delivered SiNPs can rapidly reach the brain, disrupting cerebral cortex integrity.
  • SiNPs alter the expression of proteins involved in AD pathogenesis, apoptosis, and neuronal injury.
  • These findings suggest SiNPs pose a significant neurotoxic risk, potentially contributing to AD development even in non-AD individuals.