Proteomic insights into chicken semen: Applications for improving fertility and semen quality

The application of advanced technologies to study protein expression in chicken semen provides new opportunities to enhance semen quality and fertility. Protein expression profiling offers critical insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying sperm function, including motility, membrane stability, oxidative stress resistance, and fertilization processes. Key proteins from spermatozoa and seminal plasma have been identified as biomarkers of semen quality and fertility potential, such as APOA1, ATP5A1, SPAGs, and TUBB. Protein expression is significantly influenced by factors such as genetics, physiology, environment, and preservation methods. Furthermore, proteomic techniques such as mass spectrometry, western blotting, and immunofluorescence have proven effective for analyzing semen proteins and their functions. By summarizing current proteomic findings, this review highlights practical strategies for translating biomarker discoveries into improved reproductive outcomes and long-term sustainability in poultry production.