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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Atmospheric Science
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent environmental pollutants with mobile degradation products.
  • Volatile PFAS, including hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs), perfluoro olefins (PFOs), perfluoro vinyl ethers (PVEs), and hydrofluoroalkanes (HF-alkanes), are primarily in the gas phase.
  • Existing analytical techniques lack the capability for high-resolution temporal measurements of gaseous PFAS precursors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and present the first real-time analytical method for detecting and quantifying atmospheric HFOs, PFOs, PVEs, and HF-alkanes.
  • To enable online monitoring of emerging gas-phase PFAS, addressing a critical gap in current measurement capabilities.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a high-resolution chemical ionization mass spectrometer (HR-CIMS).
  • Employed NO+ mixed with O2+ (NO+/O2+) and O2+ as reagent ions for detection.
  • Quantified PFAS using fluoride abstraction (M - F)+, hydride abstraction (M - H)+, or charge transfer (M+).

Main Results:

  • Achieved 10-second limits of detection (LOD) for PFAS ranging from 2 to 40 parts per trillion (ppt).
  • Demonstrated the capability for online monitoring in ambient air, including near emission sources and indoor environments.
  • Successfully identified and quantified target volatile PFAS using positive reagent ion modes.

Conclusions:

  • The developed HR-CIMS method offers a novel, sensitive approach for real-time detection of gas-phase PFAS.
  • This technique is crucial for better constraining atmospheric emissions and concentrations of emerging volatile PFAS.
  • The method provides essential data for understanding the environmental fate and impact of these concerning pollutants.