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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies

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Biomarkers.

Sarah A Scalzo1, Elias G Seath1, Rachel L Studer2

  • 1Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study found no significant link between COVID-19 infection and Alzheimer's disease biomarkers or cognitive changes in a pre- and post-pandemic cohort. Further research is needed to clarify potential long-term neurological effects.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Infectious Disease Epidemiology
  • Biomarker Research

Background:

  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis involves neuroinflammation, potentially influenced by peripheral conditions like COVID-19.
  • The impact of COVID-19 on AD biomarkers and cognitive function remains largely uncharacterized.
  • Investigating these relationships is crucial for understanding potential neurological sequelae of viral infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the association between COVID-19 infection and changes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers.
  • To assess the impact of COVID-19 on cognitive performance using pre- and post-pandemic data.
  • To explore the relationship between neuroinflammation, COVID-19, and AD progression.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention, comparing pre- and post-pandemic visits.
  • Analyzed annualized biomarker changes (e.g., pTau217) in relation to COVID-19 status and positivity.
  • Compared baseline-adjusted cognitive scores using t-tests for COVID-19 positive versus negative participants.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in biomarker levels were observed between COVID-19 positive and negative groups after correction for multiple comparisons.
  • Cognitive test results showed a non-significant trend towards higher scores in the COVID-19 positive group, contrary to previous findings.
  • A higher vaccination rate was noted in the COVID-19 positive group.

Conclusions:

  • The study found no significant associations between COVID-19 infection, cognitive test performance, or Alzheimer's disease biomarker levels.
  • High vaccination rates and potential confounding factors like younger age in the COVID-19 positive group may limit the robustness of the findings.
  • Strengths include longitudinal biomarker and cognitive data, individual score interpretation, and a large, at-risk cohort.