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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

John Nguyen1, Tara Riddle2,3, Daniel A Llano4

  • 1Clinical Imaging Research, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) shows altered brain activity patterns. Regional homogeneity (ReHo) in SCD brains can predict future Alzheimer's disease assessment scale scores with high accuracy.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Alzheimer's Disease Research
  • Brain Connectivity

Background:

  • Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) represents early Alzheimer's disease (AD) symptoms without objective cognitive impairment.
  • Characterizing subtle brain changes in SCD is crucial for predicting AD progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate differences in resting-state brain activity between individuals with SCD and healthy controls (HC).
  • To develop a predictive model for future cognitive decline in SCD using neuroimaging features.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal MRI and ADAS-Cog data from 70 SCD and 100 HC participants were analyzed.
  • Resting-state fMRI data were processed to calculate 3D regional homogeneity (ReHo).
  • An ordinary least squares regression model predicted future ADAS-Cog scores using baseline ReHo and clinical data.

Main Results:

  • SCD individuals exhibited decreased frontal/occipital ReHo and increased temporal ReHo compared to HC.
  • ReHo correlated with cognitive decline in specific brain regions, including the insula, temporal, and parietal lobes.
  • The predictive model achieved an r² of 0.72 for 4-year ADAS-Cog scores, outperforming baseline clinical scores alone (r²=0.64).

Conclusions:

  • Resting-state ReHo reveals distinct neural synchronization patterns in SCD.
  • These ReHo features hold potential for improving long-term prediction of early AD trajectories.
  • Neuroimaging markers like ReHo can enhance the monitoring and management of individuals with subjective cognitive decline.