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Clinical Manifestations.

Carolina S Hernández1,2, Kathryn A LaFroscia1,2, Deborah Zemlock1,2

  • 1Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

SuperAgers, individuals with exceptional memory, demonstrated enhanced odor identification abilities compared to normal-aging peers. This suggests a potential link between superior olfaction and preserved cognitive function in older adults.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Olfactory Research

Background:

  • Olfactory decline is linked to memory loss and Alzheimer's disease.
  • The relationship between superior memory and olfaction in aging is not well understood.
  • SuperAgers exhibit preserved episodic memory, offering a unique model for cognitive aging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if SuperAgers outperform normal-aging individuals in odor identification.
  • To explore the association between exceptional memory and olfactory function.

Main Methods:

  • Sixty-one participants (SuperAgers and Normal-Agers) completed the NIH Toolbox Odor Identification Test (NIHTB-OIT).
  • Participants identified smells from nine scratch-and-sniff cards.
  • Independent samples t-tests and chi-square tests compared group performances.

Main Results:

  • SuperAgers showed higher total odor identification scores than Normal-Agers, trending toward significance (p=0.063).
  • SuperAgers were significantly more accurate in identifying natural gas (p<0.01).
  • Trends suggested better identification of chocolate and popcorn in SuperAgers.

Conclusions:

  • SuperAgers possess superior odor identification abilities compared to cognitively average peers.
  • This may be linked to the integrity of the memory-related limbic and olfactory systems.
  • Further research into olfaction in SuperAging could define the biological basis of exceptional memory.