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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
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Related Experiment Video

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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Shannon M Drouin1, Pei-Lun Kuo2, Cassandra O Blew1

  • 1Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epigenetic markers, like DNA methylation (DNAm) measures, offer stable insights into protein levels, linking them to brain aging and cognitive decline. This study found specific DNAm EpiScores strongly associated with neurodegeneration and cognitive trajectories.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Epigenetics
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Plasma proteome associations with aging brain and cognition are informative but limited by protein variability and measurement error.
  • Epigenetic measures, specifically DNA methylation (DNAm), may offer more stable proxies for protein abundance.
  • DNAm-based protein proxies could provide more robust associations with brain aging and neurodegeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association of protein-based epigenetic scores (EpiScores) with longitudinal brain structure and cognitive trajectories in aging.
  • To determine if DNAm measures of protein abundance are more robustly linked to neurodegenerative outcomes than plasma protein levels.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized longitudinal DNAm data from cognitively normal older adults (n=431-681) from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging.
  • Applied latent growth curve models to associate 109 protein-based EpiScores with trajectories of total brain volume, Alzheimer's disease-vulnerable brain regions (SPARE-AD), advanced brain aging (SPARE-BA), and cognition.
  • Included up to 8 visits and over 16 years of follow-up for neuroimaging and cognitive data.

Main Results:

  • Ten EpiScores showed significant associations with at least one outcome (p < 0.00001).
  • Specific EpiScores (B2 Microglobulin, Stanniocalcin.1, Chitotriosidase.1, Lysozyme, PARC) linked to increased SPARE-AD.
  • EpiScore MMP12 was associated with declines in total brain volume and cognition, and increases in SPARE-AD.
  • MMP12 EpiScore explained 22% of plasma MMP12 variation and correlated with 677 other plasma proteins, implicating it in inflammatory and signaling pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic indicators of circulating protein abundance, such as DNAm measures of MMP12, are strongly associated with cognitive aging.
  • These epigenetic markers are also linked to MRI-defined neurodegeneration trajectories.
  • DNAm-based protein proxies represent a promising avenue for understanding and potentially mitigating age-related brain changes.