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Clinical Manifestations.

Justina P Tavana1, John Kauwe1, JoAnn T Tschanz2

  • 1Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Culturally adapted cognitive assessments for Samoan and Tongan populations were validated. These tools improve early detection and diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) in diverse communities.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Cognitive health assessment and dementia research require culturally and linguistically diverse tools.
  • Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) affect diverse populations globally.
  • Pacific Islanders, including Samoans and Tongans, need tailored cognitive assessment instruments due to distinct cultural and linguistic characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To validate the Samoan and Tongan versions of the AD8 and CDR cognitive screening tools.
  • To ensure culturally appropriate and accurate cognitive assessments for Samoan and Tongan communities.
  • To address the gap in dementia research for minority populations.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited 26 Samoan and Tongan participants (≥50 years old) from diasporic communities.
  • Employed bilingual interviewers for data collection and cognitive assessments.
  • Utilized rigorous translation, back-translation, expert review, and focus group feedback for validation.

Main Results:

  • Validated Samoan (AD8-SMN, CDR-SMN) and Tongan (AD8-TNG, CDR-TNG) versions of AD8 and CDR.
  • Demonstrated strong interrater reliability for AD8 (perfect agreement) and CDR (strong agreement).
  • Showcased robust psychometric properties with significant correlations among Samoan and Tongan assessments and the MoCA.

Conclusions:

  • Validated Samoan and Tongan AD8 and CDR tools provide reliable means for early ADRD detection and diagnosis.
  • These instruments address a critical need for culturally appropriate dementia research tools in minority populations.
  • The validated tools contribute to improving cognitive health outcomes and ensuring equitable dementia care.