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Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Healthcare Management
  • Emergency Medicine

Background:

  • Healthcare emergencies are frequent and diverse but lack clear conceptual definitions in health professions education.
  • Existing educational materials for managing emergencies revealed a gap in comprehensive frameworks for describing emergency characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce the Predictability-Urgency-Scale-Harm (PUSH) model, a novel multidimensional taxonomy for characterizing healthcare emergencies.
  • To provide a framework that enhances the educational and clinical management of healthcare emergencies.

Main Methods:

  • Development of the PUSH model, a taxonomy based on four dimensions: predictability, urgency, scale, and harm.
  • Adaptation of the World Health Organization's definition of emergencies for practical clinical application.

Main Results:

  • The PUSH model categorizes emergencies by predictability (fully to unpredictable), urgency (pressing to immediate), scale (individual to population), and harm (none to severe).
  • This multidimensional approach moves beyond existing one-dimensional acuity or triage scales.

Conclusions:

  • The PUSH model offers a versatile tool for educators and clinicians to design simulations, assess learner exposure, and foster shared understanding within healthcare teams.
  • It has the potential to improve research design, enhance study comparability, and is applicable across various resource settings.
  • Future research will focus on expert consensus for refinement and evaluation of the model's educational impact and reliability.