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Clinical Manifestations.

Pedro Jdmr Pinho1, Laiss Bertola1, Daniel C Mograbi2

  • 1Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, São Paulo/SP, Brazil.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Many individuals with memory impairment (MI) are unaware of their condition. Those with more health issues and less education were more likely to recognize their MI in a Brazilian study.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Public Health
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Memory impairment (MI) is a common early sign of cognitive decline and dementia.
  • Lack of awareness of MI is understudied, particularly in diverse populations like Brazilians.
  • Understanding MI awareness is crucial for timely intervention and support.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence of memory impairment (MI) in a representative Brazilian sample.
  • To determine the level of awareness of MI among affected individuals.
  • To identify factors associated with awareness of memory impairment in older Brazilians.

Main Methods:

  • Secondary analysis of the ELSI-Brazil study data, including 9402 participants aged 50+.
  • MI defined by a z-score from a 10-word list memory test.
  • Awareness assessed via self-rated memory; logistic regression used to analyze associations.

Main Results:

  • 21.7% of participants had MI; nearly half were aware of their condition.
  • Lower education, more chronic illnesses, greater instrumental ADL disability, and depressive symptoms were linked to higher MI awareness.
  • Sex, age, income, basic/advanced ADL disability, and self-rated health were not associated with MI awareness.

Conclusions:

  • Less than half of individuals with MI recognized their impairment, highlighting a significant awareness gap.
  • Health and functional limitations correlated with increased MI awareness.
  • Higher cognitive reserve, potentially from better education and health, may hinder self-perception of MI.