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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Michael J Spilka1, Mengdan Xu1, Balazs Toth2

  • 1Winterlight Labs (Cambridge Cognition), Toronto, ON, Canada.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Digital speech biomarkers show promise for tracking Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression. A previously developed speech composite demonstrated the best performance in measuring changes over time and reliability in clinical trials.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Computational Linguistics
  • Biomarkers

Background:

  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by progressive language decline.
  • Natural Language Processing (NLP) offers objective tools for measuring language impairment.
  • Speech biomarkers can facilitate tracking clinical progression in AD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate and compare digital speech-based markers for tracking Alzheimer's disease progression.
  • To assess the performance of speech composites in measuring longitudinal changes and reliability.
  • To correlate speech biomarkers with established clinical endpoints in AD trials.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) interview recordings from 227 participants in two phase 2 semorinemab trials.
  • Calculation of acoustic and linguistic speech features from patient responses.
  • Development and validation of three speech composite scores using different feature selection approaches.

Main Results:

  • All three speech composites demonstrated significant longitudinal change over time (effect sizes 0.47-0.59).
  • Adequate test-retest reliability was observed for the composites (intraclass correlations 0.67-0.80).
  • Composites showed significant correlations with clinical endpoints like ADAS-Cog11 and CDR-SB (Spearman rho |0.21-0.49|).

Conclusions:

  • Speech characteristics can be integrated into meaningful indices for disease progression in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to moderate AD.
  • The previously published Tauriel-derived biomarker composite performed best, showing the largest effect size, highest reliability, and parsimony.
  • Speech-based biomarkers offer a potential objective, low-burden measure to complement traditional endpoints in AD clinical trials.