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Antigen-Capture Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Specific Detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Published on: February 24, 2023
Acute hepatitis secondary to Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection
Luis Bachiller-Carnicero1, Laura Crespo-Valderrábano2
1Unidad de Pediatría, Centro de Salud Huerta del Rey, Área de Salud Valladolid Oeste.
IntroduccióN:
Dentro del estudio etiológico de una hipertransaminasemia en pediatría es posible hallar etiologías de hepatitis infrecuentes, pero si después de completar el diagnóstico diferencial no se encuentra otra posible causa debe asumirse el diagnóstico de dichas afecciones inusuales. Solo en un 7% de los casos Mycoplasma pneumoniae puede afectar al hígado y es excepcional encontrar valores de transaminasas por encima de 500 UI/l.
Caso ClíNico:
Paciente de 5 años con hipertransaminasemia (ALT 723 UI/l, AST 426 UI/l) en contexto de clínica de palidez, astenia y epigastralgia. Antecedentes familiares de enfermedades autoinmunitarias y ligera hipertransaminasemia en analítica de 1 año antes. En el estudio etiológico, serología positiva para M. pneumoniae con estudio de autoinmunidad negativo y ecografía normal. Se diagnostica hepatitis por Mycoplasma y se inicia tratamiento con azitromicina. En la evolución, desaparición de la clínica en los primeros días y descenso paulatino de las transaminasas en los meses posteriores.
Conclusiones:
Dada la alta carga de enfermedades autoinmunitarias en los antecedentes familiares, se debe excluir una hepatitis autoinmunitaria. La afectación hepática por M. pneumoniae es poco frecuente y sucede por un mecanismo inmunomediado. Se trata de una afectación benigna y autolimitada, siendo excepcionales unas cifras de transaminasas tan elevadas como en este paciente.
Background:
In the etiological study of hypertransaminasemia in pediatrics, we may diagnosis entities little related to hepatitis. After completing the differential diagnosis, if we did not found other possible etiology, we must assume the diagnosis of unusual entities. The incidence of hepatitis in Mycoplasma pneumonia infections is about 7%, being unusual transaminases levels higher than 500 IU/l.
Case Report:
A 5-year-old patient with hypertransaminasemia (ALT 723 IU/l, AST 426 IU/l) in the context of pallor, asthenia and epigastralgia. The complementary tests showed positive serology for M. pneumoniae with autoimmune and abdominal ultrasound without abnormalities. Acute hepatitis caused by Mycoplasma was the diagnosis. A course of oral azithromycin was received with disappearance of symptoms in the first days, and transaminases levels had a gradual decrease in the following months.
Conclusions:
Due to the prominent burden of autoimmune diseases in the family history, autoimmune hepatitis should be excluded. Hepatic involvement by M. pneumoniae is rare, being caused by immuno-mediated phenomenon. Transaminase values as high as that obtained in this patient was exceptional.
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